While Jupiter is nowhere near massive enough to initiate fusion in its core, there are even more massive objects out there that fall just short of that achievement as well called brown dwarfs. Brown dwarfs, have a mass that places them between giant planets and small stars. They were only recently discovered in the 1990’s, but thousands are now known. More massive ones can fuse deuterium, and even lithium, but not hydrogen, distinguishing them from “normal” stars. Sort of.
Correction: In the illustration at 9:30, the numbers listed after the star names are the year of discovery, not distance.
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Table of Contents
Intermediate in Mass 1:22
Thousands Are Known 4:48
Cannot Fuse Hydrogen Like “Normal” Stars 8:46
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PHOTOS/VIDEOS
The sun in extreme ultraviolet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Sun_in_extreme_ultraviolet.jpg [credit: NASA, ESA / Wikimedia Commons]
Jupiter http://www.spacetelescope.org/static/archives/images/screen/heic1410a.jpg [credit: NASA, ESA, and A. Simon (Goddard Space Flight Center)]
Forming a Planetary Gap http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/video-audio/691-ssc2004-08v3-Forming-a-Planetary-Gap [credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/R. Hurt (SSC/Caltech)]
Exoplanet http://uanews.org/sites/default/files/story-images/exoplanet.jpg [credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech]
A Trio of Brown Dwarfs (L/T/Y) http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/WISE/multimedia/pia14722.html [credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech]
Artist’s concept of a T-type brown dwarf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_dwarf#/media/File:2MASSJ22282889-431026.jpg [credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech]
Brown Dwarf Gliese 229B https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Brown_Dwarf_Gliese_229B.jpg [credit: NASA / Wikimedia Commons]
Gliese 229B Spectrum – image provided by Phil Plait [credit: NASA/ESA/Hubble/Al Schultz et al]
Artist’s vision of a T-dwarf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_dwarf#/media/File:T-dwarf-nasa-hurt.png [credit: R. Hurt/NASA – R. Hurt/NASA, Wikimedia Commons]
First Ultra-Cool WISE Brown Dwarf http://wise.ssl.berkeley.edu/gallery_firstbd.html [credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/WISE Team]
Brown Dwarf Comparison http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/WISE/multimedia/pia12462.html [credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/UCB]
Storms Expected on Brown Dwarfs http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/images/5718-sig14-001-This-Just-In-Storms-Expected-on-Brown-Dwarfs [credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/T. Pyle (IPAC)]
Stars and brown dwarfs closest to the Sun https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhman_16#/media/File:PIA18003-NASA-WISE-StarsNearSun-20140425-2.png [credit: NASA/Penn State University]
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Is it just me or do the significant phases of a star's life cycle (Fusion, Supernova, Neutron Star, Black Hole) involves an event where the star can violate one of the forces. For example, A star being born involves nuclear fusion, so has become immune to the weak nuclear force? Then after a supernova, if the star becomes a neutron star, then it has become immune to the strong nuclear force? Then when it becomes a black hole, then its become immune to gravity? So what about electromagnetism?
Are there any amateur cosmologists or scientists that make discoveries or write u fluential papers anymore? Just curious if theres hope for me yet.
KERBALS!!!
lol 0:45 those are all minecraft blocks lol
They prefer to be called brown little people.
Why you add minecraft .-.
what!? mc blocks!?!!
the magenta dwarf looks scary
How can elements fuse in these brown dwarfs (lithium, deuterium) if no fusion is actually going on(like in a main sequence star)?
very interesting
I dont actually know if brown dwarfs can be 2 times the mass of Jupiter, at that point the object is still a planet.
Phil, this isnt right! L-dwarf spectral type does correspond to objects that are brown dwarfs and dont fuse hydrogen!
Kerbals!!!!!!
Oh Boy A Feral Giraffe Killed My Little Transparent Yeti
8:05 The sun is way too small in that picture when compared to the size of jupiter. Please get images from better sources.
Properly scaled image is below.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/BrownDwarfs_Comparison_01.png
Oh Boy, A Feral Giraffe Killed My Little Transparent Yeti.
I'll never forget star classification again.
whats DFTBA
dafuq happened to vsauce?
NOOOOOOOOOOO!!!!!!!!!!!!!!???*????????????????
Brown Dwarfs of mass between 13 and 60 Jupiter masses can fuse hydrogen via Lithium, H-1 + Li-7 => 2(He-4)
How about dividing brown dwarfs and planets by whether the object is orbiting anything other than a galactic core or is part of a star cluster? Planets orbit something neighbourly close.
Oh look we can put Minecraft blocks into Jupiter since the Minecraft world is larger than Earth
Stars are born in Birkeland currents, not because of gravity. Planets are born in brown dwarf stars (Saturn, Jupiter, Neptune, Uranus) that I think are the flyers when the star goes supernova.
#Minecraft at 00:40
I am surprised that I cant find a mention to nibiru star
caught myself in the weird part on the internet
0:45
Why are there MC blocks?
ARE WE MAKING A CREEPER?
Maybe.
Fascinating, these lil' fuckers. Great episode.
I always liked reading about the planets and stars when I was a child and this channel is resparking my interest in astronomy. Loving the videos, keep making them!